The recently published S3 guidelines of the German As-sociation of Oral Implantology (DGI) and the German So-ciety of Dentistry and Oral Medicine (DGZMK) state that peri-implant infections can be categorised into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.1 In peri-implant mucositis, only the supracrestal soft-tissue interface is involved; in peri-implantitis, the bony implant site is also involved.2 Smoking is the main risk factor for peri-implant mucositis, but it is likely that there are further contributing factors, such as cement residue, diabetes mellitus and sex.2 The development of peri-implantitis is particularly favoured by a history of periodontal disease, smoking and interleukin-1 polymorphism.4, 5 The main diagnostic criterion for distinguishing peri-implantitis from peri-implant mucositis is the lack of reversibility of the condition. Peri-implantitis can be characterised by putrid secretion, increasing probing depth, pain and radiographic bone resorption. Implant loosening requires a high degree of bone resorption in the case of peri-implantitis. Microbiological tests are rather unspecific regarding peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis...
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