The key factor in the development of periodontal disease is the presence of periodontal pathogens in the gingival pocket or in the periimplant sulcus. A central element in the treatment of this disease, for which there are many different causes, is the subgingival removal of biofi lm and calculus with simultaneous preservation of regenerative tissue. For de cades, cleaning the periodontal pockets with hand instruments was regarded as the method of choice. This was often associated with great time and effort for the therapist, and the procedure was often painful for the patient. However, over time, an increasing number of dentists concluded that the invasive removal of calculus and infl amed tissue may actually hinder regeneration. This prompted the world of den-tistry to seek alternative solutions. Sonic and ultrasonic in struments established themselves as an alterna-tive to the classic hand instruments for gentler cleaning of the root surface without sharp instruments. The purpose was to achieve effective cleaning while preserving regenerative tissue. Depending on the direction of oscillation, conventional sonic and ultra-sonic instruments produce vibrations in removing deposits...
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