In modern implantology, correct three-dimensional positioning of implants, as well as sufficient bone material are of great importance in order to reach satisfactory and predictable results. Resorption processes, traumatic tooth losses or chronic inflammatory processes such as chronic periodontal diseases, however, often result in severe reduction of bone material. If affected areas are intended to serve as implant beds, augmentation will often be required during the same or in a previous intervention. While autologous bone is still considered to be the gold standard, bone substitute materials have proven successful particularly in cases of rather small defects. Their use may decrease patient s morbidity, shorten treatment duration and reduce treatment costs. However, if the defect exceeds a certain size, autologous bone grafts will have to be used, usually in the form of blocks. Intraoral bone removal poses the problem of limited availability. Extraoral donor sites, however, require treatment under general anesthesia or under in-patient conditions, which is why patients frequently reject this type of surgery...
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